Introduction
Part
II
Witch Hunts
•
Johann
Weyer Protested Craze
•
Reginald
Scott – Believed many people with mental illness were being persecuted
•
Middle
ages – Mentally ill seen as “sick people” whose illnesses could not be
explained by natural causes.
15th
Century
•
Several
Asylums were opened, but few people were trained to care for mentally ill.
•
These
institutions could make the sane insane!
18th
Century Reforms
•
Jean
Baptist-Pussin – Did away with dark dungeons and beatings of insane
•
Believed
Mentally ill had been deprived of their reason by severe personal problems
•
First
person to really listen to mentally ill, chart patterns and begin classification
system.
Other Reforms
•
William
Tuke developed Moral Therapy
l Provided
an environment to restore their moral
l Helped
individuals learn to do useful work
l Very
successful therapy – 70% cure rate
Reform in America
•
Dorothea
Dix – Attempted to bring Moral Therapy approach to the US.
•
Appealed
to legislators for funding
•
Founded
32 Mental Hospitals
•
Government
failed to maintain funding
•
Institutions
not able to keep up with patient demand
End Result?
•
1950’s
& 60’s – psychotropic meds used
•
JFK
de-institutionalized mental institutions with the Community Mental Health
Centers Act of 1963
•
Institutions
discharged patients
•
Patients
failed to take meds – become homeless
The Science of
Abnormal Psych
•
William Wundt – Physiologist
l Developed
scientific and precise methods of observing, measuring and controlling human
behavior and thought
The Science of
Abnormal Psych
•
Emil
Kraepelin- developed Biogenic theories
l Studied
the role of the brain in Mental disturbance
l First
to develop syndromes and classifications by defining different
psychoses
l Developed
Psychogenic theory regarding effect of stress on body
The Science of
Abnormal Psych
•
Franz Mesmer
– Attempted to cure mental disorders with magnetism
•
First
hypnosis practitioner
•
This is
where the term “mesmerized” comes from.
The Science of
Abnormal Psych
•
Sigmund
Freud – Developed Psychoanalysis
l Used
Free association to make the “unconscious conscious”
l Developed
“talk therapy”
l The
rest is taught in Therapeutic Psych
Non Western
Approaches
•
Africa
l Connectivistic
society. Community deals with the abnormal
l Viewed
as spiritual Problem
l Goal
is to correct the family relations and relations with ancestors
•
Asia –
Use meditation for stress reduction - Zen
•
Japan
l
Naikan
Therapy –
16 hour self-observation
l
Examine
relationships with others
l Expose
self-centeredness
l Develop
appreciation and acceptance of others
l
Morita
therapy
l Engage
in prolonged reflection
l Clear
mind of anxiety producing perfectionism
Multiperspective
Approach to Study
•
1. Human
behavior can be studied scientifically
•
2. Most
abnormal behavior is a product of psychological and biological processes
•
3. Each
human being is unique